{ "id": "zhu-benyi-reading-20261026-r2", "revision": "2026-10-26-r2", "date": "2026-10-26", "preparedBy": "曲宸宇（Chu, Chen-Yu；GitHub：poplolioi11） / 一卦 yigua.art", "attribution": "yigua.art網站轉譯（轉錄、核對與閱讀整理）", "scope": "既有64卦卦名與卦辭下本義節錄，非全書；本輪只補一字並查核既有13筆疑讀。", "rawReport": "/texts/zhu-benyi-1521-comments.json", "rawReportSha256": "b7887fbbfa516b16adac0e131219d3501c775d3ff9b31395ee9aa1abfea2708f", "circleReport": "/texts/zhu-benyi-punctuation-20261026.json", "circleReportSha256": "71f2ef033898a715d7c9a1e1aa1861e23cbc25ed5105934bfec5256240d8a639", "summary": { "entries": 64, "originalUncertaintyRecords": 13, "originalUncertaintyHexagrams": 9, "originalBoxes": 1, "readingBoxes": 0, "supplementedCharacters": 1 }, "method": "閱讀層乾「見陰□有奇耦之數」據1715燕京《折中》本義同句補陽；1521原底本缺墨仍未解。其餘原字不因本輪重讀而默改。原圈點仍轉為「。」以保存停頓位置，尚未完成現代逗號、句號的語意分類。", "quality": "AI影像讀字及主代理指定範圍比較，非人類／專家校定，不表示64條全文已完成獨立二校。未明處留在疑讀紀錄；異本補讀不等於主底本字身恢復。", "supplement": { "id": "qian-ink-01", "number": 1, "beforeContext": "見陰□有奇耦之數", "afterContext": "見陰陽有奇耦之數", "decision": "alternate-witness-reading-supplement", "source": { "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Harvard_drs_16765324_%E5%BE%A1%E7%BA%82%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E6%8A%98%E4%B8%AD_v.2.pdf#page=4", "filePage": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Harvard_drs_16765324_%E5%BE%A1%E7%BA%82%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E6%8A%98%E4%B8%AD_v.2.pdf", "pdfSha256": "19ca29e5f9a08fcaffeeb6879e93e0116796b086d2943553923dc2d74695669a", "pdfPage": 4, "volume": 2, "imageSha256": "fe724a641961988424e09ca879311a4ddcd6268c76557cbe40c189e61a0ba527", "width": 2400, "height": 2138, "label": "燕京《折中》本義欄 · 第2冊PDF4頁", "canvas": "https://nrs.lib.harvard.edu/URN-3:FHCL:4142005:MANIFEST:2/canvas/canvas-drs:16765409", "harvardImageUrl": "https://mps.lib.harvard.edu/assets/images/drs:16765409/full/full/0/default.jpg" }, "note": "1521本原格被墨污覆蓋仍不可辨；1715燕京折中本義欄第2冊PDF4頁可見「見陰陽有奇耦之數」，故只在閱讀層補陽。原字稿□不改。", "scopeLimit": "沒有藉此改寫乾卦其他原字或消除原底本疑字。" }, "primaryImages": [ { "sha256": 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3879, "height": 3600, "volume": 3, "pdfPage": 20, "pdfSha256": "74c2627a20968dfbea042ed9e7392020292ea1045c1bc37ede45398df2e5ee17", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/NLC892-411999019942-45070_%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E6%9C%AC%E7%BE%A9_%E7%AC%AC3%E5%86%8A.pdf#page=20" }, { "sha256": "1b9a3f311c4a5dde1b08918d7c8e4553c2f2e1ad2a4a8e00b85859f7fdb3f273", "width": 3893, "height": 3600, "volume": 3, "pdfPage": 28, "pdfSha256": "74c2627a20968dfbea042ed9e7392020292ea1045c1bc37ede45398df2e5ee17", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/NLC892-411999019942-45070_%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E6%9C%AC%E7%BE%A9_%E7%AC%AC3%E5%86%8A.pdf#page=28" }, { "sha256": "e141245c354cf48dca679f7433edee39a74946dfce08cf73961dbae9492cfad7", "width": 3889, "height": 3600, "volume": 3, "pdfPage": 24, "pdfSha256": "74c2627a20968dfbea042ed9e7392020292ea1045c1bc37ede45398df2e5ee17", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/NLC892-411999019942-45070_%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E6%9C%AC%E7%BE%A9_%E7%AC%AC3%E5%86%8A.pdf#page=24" }, { "sha256": "9c05102e1148d2c484685c8abb2dd2068d318516829834d8517f9216c745ef09", "width": 3912, "height": 3600, "volume": 3, "pdfPage": 43, "pdfSha256": "74c2627a20968dfbea042ed9e7392020292ea1045c1bc37ede45398df2e5ee17", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/NLC892-411999019942-45070_%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E6%9C%AC%E7%BE%A9_%E7%AC%AC3%E5%86%8A.pdf#page=43" }, { "sha256": "3ca15808049eddc1e731132ba71895d94b91ba7c41172130bd9073e3ed1e2422", "width": 3983, "height": 3585, "volume": 3, "pdfPage": 65, "pdfSha256": "74c2627a20968dfbea042ed9e7392020292ea1045c1bc37ede45398df2e5ee17", "url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/NLC892-411999019942-45070_%E5%91%A8%E6%98%93%E6%9C%AC%E7%BE%A9_%E7%AC%AC3%E5%86%8A.pdf#page=65" } ], "adjudications": [ { "id": "qian-ink-01", "number": 1, "name": "乾", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "qian-ink-01", "cause": "source-illegible", "source_id": "nlc11265-v1", "scan_page": 23, "location": "右半葉右起第4欄「陰□有奇耦之數」", "extent": 1, "marker": "□", "candidate": "陽", "decision": "not-filled", "reason": "黑色墨污覆蓋字身；不以通行文字補入。" }, "assessment": "alternate-witness-supplement", "note": "1521本墨污仍未解；閱讀層據1715哈佛燕京《御纂周易折中》本義同句補陽，原字稿保留□。" }, { "id": "qian-reading-02", "number": 1, "name": "乾", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "qian-reading-02", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "source_id": "nlc11265-v1", "scan_page": 23, "location": "右半葉「成六十四卦此卦六畫」的此", "candidate": "此", "decision": "retained-with-doubt", "reason": "墨筆斜線穿過字身，仍見下部；需獨立影像覆核。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "重新讀圖仍受墨筆干擾；保留此，不將獨立初讀的缺字符號當成原書另有一字。" }, { "id": "qian-reading-03", "number": 1, "name": "乾", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "qian-reading-03", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "source_id": "nlc11265-v1", "scan_page": 23, "location": "左半葉「故筮得此卦」的筮", "candidate": "筮", "decision": "retained-with-doubt", "reason": "墨筆斜線穿過字身，保留初讀，未獨立校定。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "筮字受墨筆干擾；維持原先候選，不稱字身已復原。" }, { "id": "qian-reading-04", "number": 1, "name": "乾", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "qian-reading-04", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "source_id": "nlc11265-v1", "scan_page": 23, "location": "左半葉「此聖人所以」的此", "candidate": "此", "decision": "retained-with-doubt", "reason": "字身與旁墨相接，保留初讀，未獨立校定。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "此聖人之此仍與旁墨相接，獨立讀圖未能確定，保留疑讀。" }, { "id": "xiaoxu-reading-01", "number": 9, "name": "小畜", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "xiaoxu-reading-01", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "source_id": "nlc11265-v2", "scan_page": 12, "location": "左半葉右起第3欄「畜止之之義也」", "candidate": "畜止之之義也", "decision": "retained-with-doubt", "reason": "影像初讀呈兩個之；保留原刻疑似重字，不據通行本刪改。" }, "assessment": "primary-reread-supports-retained-reading", "note": "對照原生影像仍見畜止之之義也的兩個之；保留重字，不據通行文本刪改。屬AI指定範圍再讀支持，不稱人類校定。" }, { "id": "xiaoxu-reading-02", "number": 9, "name": "小畜", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "xiaoxu-reading-02", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "source_id": "nlc11265-v2", "scan_page": 12, "location": "左半葉首欄末「爲巽爲入」交欄處", "candidate": "爲巽爲入", "decision": "retained-with-doubt", "reason": "爲字有淡墨與斜線，入字接續下一欄；保留初讀。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "巽後爲字淡墨與斜線相疊，獨立再讀仍留空；保留原候選及疑讀。" }, { "id": "lu-reading-01", "number": 10, "name": "履", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "lu-reading-01", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "source_id": "nlc11265-v2", "scan_page": 15, "location": "右半葉「和說以躡剛強之後」的躡", "candidate": "躡", "decision": "retained-with-doubt", "reason": "塗線穿過字身，仍見構形；保留初讀。" }, "assessment": "primary-reread-supports-retained-reading", "note": "躡的足旁及右部構形在原生影像可辨，獨立再讀同為躡；正文不改。" }, { "id": "gu-reading-01", "number": 18, "name": "蠱", "originalUncertainty": { "id": "gu-reading-01", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "source_id": "nlc11265-v2", "scan_page": 32, "location": "右半葉首欄「以監其前事之失」", "candidate": "監", "decision": "retained-with-doubt", "reason": "該字墨色較重，下部不清；保留初讀監，不據現代稿補改。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "獨立再讀支持監，但主代理對照仍見重墨遮蔽下部，未據一致結果清除疑讀；正文保留監。" }, { "id": "benyi-39-uncertainty-1", "number": 39, "name": "蹇", "originalUncertainty": { "span": "必見大人然後可以濟難又必守正然後得吉而", "start_character_1based": 85, "end_character_1based_inclusive": 103, "scan_page": 20, "location": "左半葉最右文字欄", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "reason": "淡印並疊有浮水印，部分筆畫不足；依可見筆畫暫讀，需較清晰影像或獨立校對。", "candidates": [ "必見大人然後可以濟難又必守正然後得吉而" ], "status": "unresolved", "text_policy": "正文暫錄所見候選，不作確定讀字保證。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "守正等字仍有淡印與浮水印干擾；新讀另提出可以等差異，未裁定，不默增文字，保留原跨度疑讀。" }, { "id": "benyi-43-uncertainty-1", "number": 43, "name": "夬", "originalUncertainty": { "span": "盡誠以呼號其衆相與", "start_character_1based": 34, "end_character_1based_inclusive": 42, "scan_page": 28, "location": "右半葉本義第二欄中下部", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "reason": "印色淡且浮水印覆蓋，暫讀如正文。", "candidates": [ "盡誠以呼號其衆相與" ], "status": "unresolved", "text_policy": "正文暫錄所見候選，不作確定讀字保證。" }, "assessment": "primary-reread-supports-retained-reading", "note": "原生影像中盡誠以呼號其衆相與的連續字形可追讀，獨立再讀亦同；淡印處仍不等於全段專家覆核。正文不改。" }, { "id": "benyi-46-uncertainty-1", "number": 46, "name": "升", "originalUncertainty": { "span": "九二剛中", "start_character_1based": 18, "end_character_1based_inclusive": 21, "scan_page": 24, "location": "左半葉本義第一欄下部", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "reason": "墨色過重且有筆畫斷裂；暫讀如正文。", "candidates": [ "九二剛中" ], "status": "unresolved", "text_policy": "正文暫錄所見候選，不作確定讀字保證。" }, "assessment": "primary-reread-supports-retained-reading", "note": "原生影像可追讀九二剛中，獨立再讀亦同；保留正文，不補增其他文字。" }, { "id": "benyi-50-uncertainty-1", "number": 50, "name": "鼎", "originalUncertainty": { "span": "聰", "start_character_1based": 68, "end_character_1based_inclusive": 68, "scan_page": 43, "location": "右半葉本義第四欄上部", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "reason": "耳旁右部的雕版字形接近聰／聦，Unicode 字形選擇未獨立裁定。", "candidates": [ "聰", "聦" ], "status": "unresolved", "text_policy": "正文暫錄所見候選，不作確定讀字保證。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "再讀同為聰不足以裁定聰／聦的細部雕版字形，保留Unicode異體字疑讀。" }, { "id": "benyi-61-uncertainty-1", "number": 61, "name": "中孚", "originalUncertainty": { "span": "皆孚信之", "start_character_1based": 39, "end_character_1based_inclusive": 42, "scan_page": 65, "location": "左半葉最右文字欄下部", "cause": "reading-unresolved", "reason": "靠近版框處墨色淺且局部缺筆，暫讀如正文。", "candidates": [ "皆孚信之" ], "status": "unresolved", "text_policy": "正文暫錄所見候選，不作確定讀字保證。" }, "assessment": "unresolved-primary-reading-retained", "note": "孚信後的之仍淡缺，獨立再讀留空；維持原候選及疑讀。" } ], "rights": { "historicalText": "公有領域原文不新增排他限制。", "originalExplanations": "CC BY 4.0", "scanImagesIncluded": false, "credit": "Harvard-Yenching Library, T2354494；中國國家圖書館善本11265", "sourceMetadata": "原字報告與原圈點報告保留各筆影像、版別和權利紀錄。" }, "records": [ { "number": 1, "name": "乾", "text": "六畫者。伏羲所畫之卦也。⚊者。奇也。陽之數也。乾者。健也。陽之性也。本註乾字。三畫卦之名也。下者。內卦也。上者。外卦也。經文乾字。六畫卦之名也。伏羲仰觀俯察。見陰陽有奇耦之數。故畫⚊奇以象陽。畫⚋耦以象陰。見一陰一陽。有各生一陰一陽之象。故自下而上。再倍而三。以成八卦。見陽之性健。而其成形之大者爲天。故三奇之卦。名之曰乾。而擬之於天也。三畫已具。八卦已成。則又三倍其畫。以成六畫。而於八卦之上。各加八卦。以成六十四卦。此卦六畫皆奇。上下皆乾。則陽之純而健之至也。故乾之名。天之象。皆不易焉。元亨利貞。文王所繫之辭。以斷一卦之吉凶。所謂彖辭者也。元。大也。亨。通也。利。宜也。貞。正而固也。文王以爲乾道大通而至正。故筮得此卦而六爻皆不變者。其占當得大通。而必利在正固。然後可以保其終也。此聖人所以作易敎人卜筮。而可以開物成務之精意。餘卦放此。", "supplementNote": "乾卦「陰□」的缺字據哈佛燕京藏1715《御纂周易折中》第2冊PDF4頁補讀為「陽」。1521文字底本仍有墨污，原字稿保留□；屬異本補讀，不稱原刻已復原。" }, { "number": 2, "name": "坤", "text": "⚋者。耦。陰之數也。坤者。順也。陰之性也。註中者。三畫卦之名也。經中者。六畫卦之名也。陰之成形。莫大於地。此卦三畫皆耦。故名坤而象地。重之又得坤焉。則是陰之純。順之至。故其名與象皆不易也。牝馬。順而健行者。陽先。陰後。陽主義。陰主利。西南。陰方。東北。陽方。安。順之爲也。貞。健之守也。遇此卦者。其占爲大亨。而利以順健爲正。如有所往。則先迷後得而主於利。往西南則得朋。往東北則喪朋。大抵能安於正則吉也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 3, "name": "屯", "text": "震。坎。皆三畫卦之名。震一陽動於二陰之下。故其德爲動。其象爲雷。坎一陽陷於二陰之間。故其德爲陷爲險。其象爲雲爲雨爲水也。屯。六畫卦之名也。難也。物始生而未通之意。故其爲字。象艸穿地始出而未申也。其卦以震遇坎。乾坤始交而遇險陷。故其名爲屯。震動在下。坎險在上。是能動乎險中。能動雖可以亨。而在險則宜守正而未可遽進。故筮得之者。其占爲大亨而利於正。但未可遽有所往耳。又初九陽居陰下。而爲成卦之主。是能以賢下人。得民而可君之象。故筮立君者遇之則吉也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 4, "name": "蒙", "text": "艮。亦三畫卦之名。一陽止於二陰之上。故其德爲止。其象爲山。蒙。昧也。物生之初。蒙昧未明也。其卦以坎遇艮。山下有險。蒙之地也。內險外止。蒙之意也。故其名爲蒙。亨以下。占辭也。九二內卦之主。以剛居中。能發人之蒙者。而與六五陰陽相應。故遇此卦者有亨道也。我。二也。童蒙。幼穉而蒙昧。謂五也。筮者明。則人當求我而其亨在人。筮者暗。則我當求人而亨在我。人求我者。當視其可否而應之。我求人者。當致其精一而扣之。而明者之養蒙。與蒙者之自養。又皆利於以正也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 5, "name": "需", "text": "需。待也。以乾遇坎。乾健坎險。以剛遇險。而不遽進以陷於險。待之義也。孚。信之在中者也。其卦九五以坎體中實。陽剛中正。而居尊位。爲有孚得正之象。坎水在前。乾健臨之。將涉水而不輕進之象。故占者爲有所待而能有信。則光亨矣。若又得正則吉。而利涉大川。正固无所不利。而涉川尤貴於能待。則不欲速而犯難也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 6, "name": "訟", "text": "訟。爭辯也。上乾下坎。乾剛坎險。上剛以制其下。下險以伺其上。又爲內險而外健。又爲已險而彼健。皆訟之道也。九二中實。上无應與。又爲加憂。且於卦變自遯而來。爲剛來居二而當下卦之中。有孚而見窒。能懼而得中之象。上九過剛。居訟之極。終訟而凶之象。九五剛健中正以居尊位。有大人之象。以剛乘險。以實履陷。有不利涉大川之象。故戒占者必有爭辯之事。而隨其所處爲吉凶也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 7, "name": "師", "text": "師。兵衆也。下坎上坤。坎險坤順。坎水坤地。古者寓兵於農。伏至險於大順。藏不測於至靜之中。又卦惟九二一陽居下卦之中。爲將之象。上下五陰順而從之。爲衆之象。九二以剛居下。而用事。六五以柔居上而任之。爲人君命將出師之象。故其卦之名曰師。丈人。長老之稱。用師之道。利於得正。而任老成之人。乃得吉而无咎。戒占者亦必如是也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 8, "name": "比", "text": "比。親輔也。九五以陽剛居上之中。而得其正。上下五陰。比而從之。以一人而撫萬邦。以四海而仰一人之象。故筮者得之。則當爲人所親輔。然必再筮以自審。有元善長永正固之德。然後可以當衆之歸而无咎。其未比而有所不安者。亦將皆來歸之。若又遲而後至。則此交已固。彼來已晚。而得凶矣。若欲比人。則亦以是而反觀之耳。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 9, "name": "小畜", "text": "巽。亦三畫卦之名。一陰伏於二陽之下。故其德爲巽爲入。其象爲風爲木。小。陰也。畜。止之之義也。上巽下乾。以陰畜陽。又卦惟六四一陰。上下五陽皆爲所畜。故爲小畜。又以陰畜陽。能係而不能固。亦爲所畜者小之象。內健外巽。二五皆陽。各居一卦之中而用事。有剛而能中其志得行之象。故其占當得亨通。然畜未極而施未行。故有密雲不雨自我西郊之象。蓋密雲陰物。西郊陰方。我者。文王自我也。文王演易於羑里。視岐周爲西方。正小畜之時也。筮者得之。則占亦如其象云。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 10, "name": "履", "text": "兌。亦三畫卦之名。一陰見於二陽之上。故其德爲說。其象爲澤。履。有所躡而進之義也。以兌遇乾。和說以躡剛強之後。有履虎尾而不見傷之象。故其卦爲履而占如是也。人能如是。則處危而不傷矣。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 11, "name": "泰", "text": "泰。通也。爲卦天地交而二氣通。故爲泰。正月之卦也。小。謂陰。大。謂陽。言坤往居外。乾來居內。又自歸妹來。則六往居四。九來居三也。占者有剛陽之德。則吉而亨矣。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 12, "name": "否", "text": "否。閉塞也。七月之卦也。正與泰反。故曰匪人。謂非人道也。其占不利於君子之正道。蓋乾往居外。坤來居內。又自漸卦而來。則九往居四。六來居三也。或疑之匪人三字衍文。由比六三而誤也。傳不特解其義。亦可見。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 13, "name": "同人", "text": "離。亦三畫卦之名。一陰麗於二陽之間。故其德爲麗。爲文明。其象爲火。爲日。爲電。同人。與人同也。以離遇乾。火上同於天。六二得位得中。而上應九五。又卦唯一陰。而五陽同與之。故爲同人。于野。謂曠遠而无私也。有亨道矣。以健而行。故能涉川。爲卦內文明而外剛健。六二中正而有應。則君子之道也。占者能如是則亨。而又可涉險。然必其所同合於君子之道。乃爲利也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 14, "name": "大有", "text": "大有。所有之大也。離居乾上。火在天上。无所不照。又六五一陰居尊得中。而五陽應之。故爲大有。乾健離明居尊應天。有亨之道。占者有其德。則大善而亨也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 15, "name": "謙", "text": "謙者。有而不居之義。止乎內而順乎外。謙之意也。山至高而地至卑。乃屈而止於其下。謙之象也。占者如是。則亨通而有終矣。有終謂先屈而後伸也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 16, "name": "豫", "text": "豫。和樂也。人心和樂以應其上也。九四一陽。上下應之。其志得行。又以坤遇震。爲順以動。故其卦爲豫。而其占利以立君用師也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 17, "name": "隨", "text": "隨。從也。以卦變言之。本自困卦九來居初。又自噬嗑九來居五。而自未濟來者。兼此二變。皆剛來隨柔之義。以二體言之。爲此動而彼說。亦隨之義。故爲隨。已能隨物。物來隨已。彼此相從。其通易矣。故其占爲元亨。然必利於貞。乃得无咎。若所隨不貞。則雖大亨而不免於有咎矣。春秋傳穆姜曰。有是四德。隨而无咎。我皆无之。豈隨也哉。今按四德雖非本義。然其下云云。深得占法之意。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 18, "name": "蠱", "text": "蠱。壞極而有事也。其卦艮剛居上。巽柔居下。上下不交。下卑巽而上苟止。故其卦爲蠱。或曰。剛上柔下。謂卦變自賁來者。初上二下。自井來者。五上上下。自既濟來者兼之。亦剛上而柔下。皆所以爲蠱也。蠱壞之極。亂當復治。故其占爲元亨。而利涉大川。甲。日之始事之端也。先甲三日。辛也。後甲三日。丁也。前事過中而將壞。則可自新以爲後事之端。而不使至於大壞。後事方始而尚新。則更當致其丁寧之意。以監其前事之失。而不使至於速壞。聖人之戒深也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 19, "name": "臨", "text": "臨。進而凌逼於物也。二陽浸長以逼於陰。故爲臨。十二月之卦也。又其爲卦。下兌說。上坤順。九二以剛居中。上應六五。故占者大亨而利於正。然至於八月當有凶也。八月。謂自復卦一陽之月。至于遯卦二陰之月。陰長陽遯之時也。或曰。八月謂夏正八月。於卦爲觀。亦臨之反對也。又因占而戒之。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 20, "name": "觀", "text": "觀者。有以中正示人。而爲人所仰也。九五居上。四陰仰之。又內順外巽。而九五以中正示天下。所以爲觀。盥。將祭而潔手也。薦。奉酒食以祭也。顒然。尊敬之貌。言致其潔清而不輕自用。則其孚信在中。而顒然可仰。戒占者當如是也。或曰。有孚顒若。謂在下之人信而仰之也。此卦四陰長而二陽消正爲八月之卦。而名卦繫辭。更取他義。亦扶陽抑陰之意。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 21, "name": "噬嗑", "text": "噬。齧也。嗑。合也。物有間者。齧而合之也。爲卦上下兩陽而中虛。頤口之象。九四一陽間於其中。必齧之而後合。故爲噬嗑。其占當得亨通者。有間故不通。齧之而合。則亨通矣。又三陰三陽。剛柔中半。下動上明。下雷上電。本自益卦六四之柔。上行以至於五而得其中。是知以陰居陽。柔不當位。而利用獄。蓋治獄之道惟威與明。而得其平之爲貴。故筮得之者。有其德則應其占也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 22, "name": "賁", "text": "賁。飾也。卦自損來者。柔自三來而文二。剛自二上而文三。自既濟而來者。柔自上來而文五。剛自五上而文上。又內離而外艮。有文明而各得其分之象。故爲賁。占者以其柔來文剛。陽得陰助。而離明於內。故亨。以其剛上文柔。而艮止於外。故小利有攸往。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 23, "name": "剝", "text": "剝。落也。五陰在下而方生。一陽在上而將盡。陰盛長而陽消落。九月之卦也。陰盛陽衰。小人壯而君子病。又內坤而外艮。有順時而止之象。故占得之者。不可有所往也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 24, "name": "復", "text": "復。陽復生於下也。剝盡則爲純坤十月之卦。而陽氣已生於下矣。積之踰月。然後一陽之體始成而來復。故十有一月。其卦爲復。以其陽旣往而復反。故有亨道。又內震外坤。有陽動於下。而以順上行之象。故其占又爲已之出入。旣得无疾。朋類之來。亦得无咎。又自五月姤卦一陰始生。至此七爻而一陽來復。乃天運之自然。故其占又爲反復其道。至於七日當得來復。又以剛德方長。故其占又爲利有攸往也。反復其道。往而復來。來而復往之意。七日者。所占來復之期也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 25, "name": "无妄", "text": "无妄。實理自然之謂。史記作无望。謂无所期望而有得焉者。其義亦通。為卦自訟而變九自二來而居於初。又為震主。動而不妄者也。故為无妄。又二體震動而乾健。九五剛中而應六二。故其占大亨。而利於正。若其不正。則有眚而不利有所往也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 26, "name": "大畜", "text": "大。陽也。以艮畜乾。又畜之大者也。又以內乾剛健。外艮篤實輝光。是以能日新其德而爲畜之大也。以卦變言。此卦自需而來。九自五而上。以卦體言。六五尊而尚之。以卦德言。又能止健。皆非大正不能。故其占爲利貞。而不家食吉也。又六五下應於乾。爲應乎天。故其占又爲利涉大川也。不家食。謂食祿於朝。不食於家也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 27, "name": "頤", "text": "頤。口旁也。口食物以自養。故爲養義。爲卦上下二陽。內含四陰。外實內虛。上止下動。爲頤之象。養之義也。貞吉者。得正則吉。觀頤。謂觀其所養之道。自求口實。謂觀其所以養身之術。皆得正則吉也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 28, "name": "大過", "text": "大。陽也。四陽居中過盛。故爲大過。上下二陰不勝其重。故有棟橈之象。又以四陽雖過。而二五得中。內巽外說。有可行之道。故利有所往而得亨也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 29, "name": "坎", "text": "習。重習也。坎。險陷也。其象爲水。陽陷陰中。外虛而中實也。此卦上下皆坎。是爲重險。中實爲有孚心亨之象。以是而行。必有功矣。故其占如此", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 30, "name": "離", "text": "離。麗也。陰麗於陽。其象爲火。體陰而用陽也。物之所麗。貴乎得正。牝牛。柔順之物也。故占者能正則亨。而畜牝牛則吉也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 31, "name": "咸", "text": "咸。交感也。兌柔在上。艮剛在下。而交相感應。又艮止則感之專。兌說則應之至。又艮以少男下於兌之少女。男先於女。得男女之正。婚姻之時。故其卦為咸其占亨而利貞。取女則吉。蓋感有必通之理。然不以貞則失其亨而所為皆凶矣", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 32, "name": "恒", "text": "恒。常久也。為卦震剛在上。巽柔在下。震雷巽風。二物相與。巽順震動。為巽而動。二體六爻陰陽相應。四者皆理之常。故為恒。其占為能久於其道。則亨而无咎。然又必利於守貞。則乃為得所常久之道。而利有所往也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 33, "name": "遯", "text": "遯。退避也。為卦二陰浸長。陽當退避。故為遯。六月之卦也。陽雖當遯。然九五當位。而下有六二之應。若猶可以有為。但二陰浸長於下。則其勢不可以不遯。故其占為君子能遯。則身雖退而道亨。小人則利於守正。不可以浸長之故。而遂侵迫於陽也。小。謂陰柔小人也。此卦之占。與否之初二兩爻相類。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 34, "name": "大壯", "text": "大謂陽也。四陽盛長。故為大壯。二月之卦也。陽壯則占者吉亨不假言。但利在正固而已。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 35, "name": "晉", "text": "晉。進也。康侯。安國之侯也。錫馬蕃庶晝日三接。言多受大賜而顯被親禮也。蓋其為卦。上離下坤。有日出地上之象。順而麗乎大明之德。又其變自觀而來。為六四之柔。進而上行以至於五。占者有是三者則亦當有是寵也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 36, "name": "明夷", "text": "夷。傷也。為卦下離上坤。日入地中。明而見傷之象。故為明夷。又其上六為闇之主。六五近之。故占者利於艱難以守正。而自晦其明也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 37, "name": "家人", "text": "家人者。一家之人。卦之九五六二。内外各得其正故為家人。利女貞者。欲先正乎内也。内正則外无不正矣。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 38, "name": "睽", "text": "睽。乖異也。為卦上火下澤。性相違異。中女少女。志不同歸。故為睽。然以卦德言之。内說而外明。以卦變言之。則自離來者。柔進居三。自中孚來者。柔進居五。自家人來者兼之。以卦體言之。則六五得中而下應九二之剛。是以其占不可大事。而小事尚有吉之道也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 39, "name": "蹇", "text": "蹇。難也。足不能進。行之難也。為卦艮下坎上。見險而止。故為蹇。西南平易。東北險阻。又艮方也。方在蹇中。不宜走險。又卦自小過而來。陽進則往居五而得中。退則入於艮而不進。故其占曰利西南而不利東北。當蹇之時。必見大人。然後可以濟難。又必守正然後得吉。而卦之九五。剛健中正。有大人之象。自二以上五爻。皆得正位。則又貞之義也。故其占又曰利見大人貞吉。蓋見險者貴於能止。而又不可終於止。處險者利於進。而不可失其正也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 40, "name": "解", "text": "解。難之散也。居險能動。則出於險之外矣。解之象也。難之既解。利於平易安靜。不欲久為煩擾。且其卦自升來。三往居四。入於坤體。二居其所而又得中。故利於西南平易之地。若无所往。則宜來復其所而安靜。若尚有所往。則宜早往早復。不可久煩擾也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 41, "name": "損", "text": "損。減省也。為卦損下卦上畫之陽。益上卦上畫之陰。損兌澤之深。益艮山之高。損下益上。損内益外。剝民奉君之象。所以為損也。損所當損而有孚信。則其占當有此下四者之應矣。言當損時。則至薄无害。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 42, "name": "益", "text": "益。增益也。為卦損上卦初畫之陽。益下卦初畫之陰。自上卦而下於下卦之下。故為益。卦之九五六二。皆得中正。下震上巽。皆木之象。故其占利有所往。而利涉大川也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 43, "name": "夬", "text": "夬。決也。陽決陰也。三月之卦也。以五陽去一陰。決之而已。然其決之也。必正名其罪。而盡誠以呼號其衆。相與合力。然亦尚有危厲。不可安肆。又當先治其私。而不可專尚威武。則利有所往也。皆戒之之辭。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 44, "name": "姤", "text": "姤。遇也。決盡則為純乾四月之卦。至姤然後一陰可見而為五月之卦。以其本非所望。而卒然值之。如不期而遇者。故為遇。遇已非正。又一陰而遇五陽。則女德不貞而壯之甚也。取以自配。必害乎陽。故其象占如此。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 45, "name": "萃", "text": "萃。聚也。坤順兌說。九五剛中而二應之。又為澤上於地萬物萃聚之象。故為萃。亨字衍文。王假有廟。言王者可以至乎宗廟之中。王者卜祭之吉占也。祭義曰。公假于太廟是也。廟所以聚祖考之精神。又人必能聚己之精神。則可以至于廟而承祖考也。物既聚。則必見大人而後可以得亨。然又必利於正。所聚不正。則亦不能亨也。用大牲必聚而後有。聚則可以有所往。皆占吉而有戒之辭。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 46, "name": "升", "text": "升。進而上也。卦自解來。柔上居四。内巽外順。九二剛中而五應之。是以其占如此。南征。前進也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 47, "name": "困", "text": "困者。窮而不能自振之義坎剛為兌柔所掩。九二為二陰所掩。四五為上六所掩。所以為困。坎險兌說。處險而說。是身雖困而道則亨也。二五剛中。又有大人之象。占者處困能亨。則得其正矣。非大人其孰能之。故曰貞。大人吉而明不正之小人不能當也。有言不信。又戒以當務晦默。不可尚口。蓋處困而言人所不信也", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 48, "name": "井", "text": "井者。穴地出水之處。以巽木入乎坎水之下而上出其水。故為井。改邑不改井。故无喪无得而往者來者。皆井其井也。汔幾至也。繘綆也。羸敗也。汲井幾至。未盡綆而敗其瓶則凶也。其占為事仍舊无得喪而又當敬勉。不可幾成而敗也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 49, "name": "革", "text": "革。變革也。兌澤在上離火在下。火然則水乾。水決則火滅。中少二女。合為一卦。而少上中下。志不相得。故其卦為革也。變革之初。人未之信。故必已日而後信。又以其内有文明之德而外有和說之氣。故其占為有所更革。皆大亨而得其正。所革皆當。而所革之悔亡也。一有不正。則所革不信不通而反有悔矣。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 50, "name": "鼎", "text": "鼎。烹飪之器。為卦下陰為足。二三四陽為腹。五陰為耳。上陽為鉉。有鼎之象。又以巽木入離火而致烹飪。鼎之用也。故其卦為鼎。下巽。巽也。上離為目而五為耳。有内巽順而外聰明之象。卦自巽來。陰進居五。而下應九二之陽。故其占曰元亨。吉。衍文也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 51, "name": "震", "text": "震。動也。一陽始生於二陰之下。震而動也。其象為雷。其屬為長子。震有亨道。震來。當震之來時也。虩虩恐懼驚顧之貌。震驚百里以雷言也。匕所以舉鼎實。鬯。以秬黍酒和鬱金。所以灌地降神者也。不喪匕鬯。以長子言也。此卦之占。為能恐懼則致福。而不失其所主之重。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 52, "name": "艮", "text": "艮。止也。一陽止於二陰之上。陽自下升。極上而止也。其象為山。取坤地而隆其上之狀。亦止於極而不進之義也。其占則必能止於背而不有其身。行其庭而不見其人。乃无咎也。蓋身動物也。惟背為止艮其背。則止於所當止也。止於所當止則不隨身而動矣。是不有其身也。如是則雖行於庭除有人之地。而亦不見其人矣。蓋艮其背而不獲其身者。止而止也。行其庭而不見其人者。行而止也。動靜各止其所。而皆主夫靜焉。所以得无咎也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 53, "name": "漸", "text": "漸。漸進也。為卦止於下而巽於上。為不遽進之義。有女歸之象焉。又自二至五。位皆得正。故其占為女歸吉。而又戒以利貞也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 54, "name": "歸妹", "text": "婦人謂嫁曰歸。妹。少女之稱。兌以少女而從震之長男。而其情又為以說而動。皆非正也。故卦為歸妹。而卦之諸爻。自二至五。皆不得正。三五又皆以柔乘剛。故其占征凶而无所利也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 55, "name": "豐", "text": "豐。大也。以明而動。盛大之勢也。故其占有亨道。然至於此。盛極當衰。則又有憂道焉。聖人以為徒憂无益但能守常。不至於過盛則可矣。故戒以勿憂宜日中也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 56, "name": "旅", "text": "旅。羈旅也。山止於下。火炎於上。為去其所止而不處之象。故為旅以六五得中於外。而順乎上下之二陽。艮止而離麗於明。故其占可以小亨。而能守其旅之貞則吉。旅非常居。若可苟者。然道无不在。故自有其正。不可須臾離也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 57, "name": "巽", "text": "巽。入也。一陰伏於二陽之下。其性能巽以入也。其象為風。亦取入義。陰為主。故其占為小亨。以陰從陽。故又利有所往。然必知所從。乃得其正。故又曰利見大人也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 58, "name": "兌", "text": "兌。說也。一陰進乎二陽之上。喜之見乎外也。其象為澤取其說萬物。又取坎水而塞其下流之象。卦體剛中而柔外。剛中。故說而亨。柔外故利於貞。蓋說有亨道。而其妄說不可以不戒。故其占如此。又柔外故為說亨。剛中故利於貞。亦一義也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 59, "name": "渙", "text": "渙。散也。為卦下坎上巽風行水上。離披解散之象。故為渙。其變則本自漸卦九來居二而得中。六往居三。得九之位。而上同於四。故其占可亨。又以祖考之精神既散。故王者當至于廟以聚之。又以巽木坎水舟楫之象。故利涉大川。其曰利貞。則占者之深戒也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 60, "name": "節", "text": "節。有限而止也。為卦下兌上坎澤上有水。其容有限。故為節。節固自有亨道矣。又其體陰陽各半。而二五皆陽。故其占得亨。然至於太甚則苦矣。故又戒以不可守以為貞也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 61, "name": "中孚", "text": "孚。信也。為卦二陰在内。四陽在外。而二五之陽。皆得其中。以一卦言之為中虛。以二體言之為中實。皆孚信之象也。又下說以應上。上巽以順下。亦為孚義。豚魚。无知之物。又木在澤上。外實内虛。皆舟楫之象。至信可感豚魚。涉險難。而不可以失其貞。故占者能致豚魚之應。則吉。而利涉大川。又必利於貞也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 62, "name": "小過", "text": "小。謂陰也。為卦四陰在外。二陽在内。陰多於陽。小者過也。既過於陽。可以亨矣。然必利於守貞。則又不可以不戒也。卦之二五皆以柔而得中。故可小事。三四皆以剛失位而不中。故不可大事。卦體内實外虛。如鳥之飛。其聲下而不上。故能致飛鳥遺音之應。則宜下而大吉。亦不可大事之類也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 63, "name": "既濟", "text": "既濟。事之既成也。為卦水火相交。各得其用。六爻之位。各得其正。故為既濟。亨小當為小亨。大抵此卦及六爻占辭。皆有警戒之意。時當然也。", "supplementNote": null }, { "number": 64, "name": "未濟", "text": "未濟。事未成之時也。水火不交。不相為用。卦之六爻。皆失其位。故為未濟。汔幾也。幾濟而濡尾。猶未濟也。占者如此。何所利哉。", "supplementNote": null } ], "reviewOutcome": { "alternate-witness-supplement": 1, "primary-reread-supports-retained-reading": 4, "unresolved-primary-reading-retained": 8 }, "unacceptedComparisonCandidates": "獨立讀圖另出現註／注、耦／偶、蠱段卦／其與則／然、蹇段是否有可以等差異；本輪未裁定，不改原字，不把所有新讀當成正解。" }